Wisdom tooth extraction is a surgical procedure performed to remove third molars that are impacted, partially erupted, or causing pain and infection. Due to limited space in the jaw, wisdom teeth often erupt at abnormal angles or remain trapped beneath the gum and bone, leading to complications such as swelling, infection, damage to adjacent teeth, and cyst formation.

Surgical extraction is recommended when wisdom teeth cannot erupt normally or pose a risk to oral health. The procedure begins with detailed imaging to assess tooth position and surrounding structures. Local anesthesia or sedation is used to ensure patient comfort. The dentist or oral surgeon makes a small incision in the gum, removes bone if necessary, and extracts the tooth in sections to minimize trauma. The site is cleaned and sutured to promote healing.

Post-operative recovery includes temporary swelling, discomfort, and limited jaw movement, which are managed with medication and proper aftercare. Following instructions regarding diet, oral hygiene, and rest is essential for smooth healing. Timely removal of problematic wisdom teeth helps prevent long-term complications and protects overall oral health.