Intravitreal injections are a highly effective, minimally invasive treatment used to deliver medication directly into the vitreous cavity of the eye. This targeted approach allows high concentrations of medication to reach the retina and macula, making intravitreal injections the standard of care for many retinal diseases that threaten central vision.

These injections are most commonly used to treat conditions such as diabetic macular edema, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, and inflammatory retinal disorders. Anti-VEGF medications work by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor, reducing abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage, while steroid injections help control inflammation and retinal swelling.

The procedure is performed under strict sterile conditions in a clinical or operating room setting. Local anesthetic drops are used to ensure comfort, and the injection itself takes only a few seconds. Patients may feel mild pressure but typically experience no pain. Vision may be temporarily blurred after the procedure, but this resolves quickly.

Intravitreal injections are often administered as a series rather than a single treatment, depending on disease severity and response. Regular monitoring with retinal imaging such as OCT is essential to assess treatment effectiveness and guide future injections. Adherence to follow-up schedules is critical for maintaining visual gains.

While intravitreal injections are generally safe, potential risks include infection, inflammation, increased eye pressure, and retinal detachment, though these are rare when proper protocols are followed. Patient education and prompt reporting of symptoms such as pain or sudden vision changes are essential.

Intravitreal therapy has revolutionized retinal care, allowing many patients to maintain or even improve vision that would previously have been lost. With proper coordination, counseling, and follow-up, these treatments offer life-changing benefits for patients with retinal disease.