Gynecomastia surgery is a specialized plastic surgery procedure aimed at correcting the enlargement of male breast tissue and restoring a flatter, firmer, and more masculine chest contour. Gynecomastia can affect one or both sides of the chest and may develop during adolescence or adulthood due to hormonal imbalance, genetics, obesity, medication use, anabolic steroid exposure, or underlying medical conditions. While some cases resolve naturally, persistent gynecomastia often requires surgical correction to achieve lasting results.

Men affected by gynecomastia frequently experience physical discomfort such as chest tenderness, skin irritation, or restriction during exercise. However, the psychological and social impact is often more profound. Many patients report embarrassment, avoidance of fitted clothing, reluctance to participate in sports or swimming, and reduced self-confidence. These concerns persist regardless of age or fitness level and cannot be corrected through exercise alone when glandular tissue is present.

Comprehensive preoperative evaluation is essential to differentiate between true gynecomastia, which involves glandular breast tissue, and pseudogynecomastia, which is primarily excess fat. In many cases, patients have a combination of both. Clinical examination focuses on chest contour, skin elasticity, nipple position, symmetry, and tissue composition. Hormonal evaluation or imaging may be recommended in selected cases to rule out underlying causes.

Gynecomastia surgery is tailored to the individual’s anatomy and severity. The procedure typically involves removal of excess glandular tissue, fat, and in some cases redundant skin, to create a smooth, contoured chest. Liposuction may be used to sculpt surrounding areas and improve definition, while direct excision is necessary for firm glandular tissue. Incisions are strategically placed to minimize visible scarring, often around the areola.

The surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia as a day-care procedure. Recovery involves temporary swelling, bruising, and use of a compression garment to support healing and contour refinement. Patients are advised to avoid strenuous activity for a few weeks, with gradual return to exercise.

Final results become apparent as swelling subsides, revealing a flatter, more masculine chest that aligns with the patient’s body frame. Gynecomastia surgery consistently delivers high satisfaction rates, improving physical comfort, confidence, and quality of life when performed with proper planning and technique.