Piles surgery, medically known as hemorrhoidectomy, is a surgical procedure performed to treat advanced or complicated hemorrhoids that do not respond to conservative or minimally invasive treatments. Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the anal and rectal region and are a common condition caused by increased pressure due to constipation, prolonged straining, pregnancy, obesity, or sedentary lifestyles. When severe, hemorrhoids can significantly affect comfort, hygiene, and quality of life.

Hemorrhoids are classified as internal or external and graded based on severity. Early-stage hemorrhoids often respond to dietary modification, medications, and office-based procedures. However, advanced hemorrhoids may cause persistent pain, bleeding, prolapse, itching, or thrombosis, requiring surgical intervention for definitive relief.

Piles surgery is indicated in patients with large prolapsing hemorrhoids, recurrent bleeding causing anemia, thrombosed hemorrhoids, or failure of non-surgical treatments. Surgical evaluation ensures accurate diagnosis and exclusion of other anorectal conditions such as fissures, fistulas, or colorectal disease.

Hemorrhoidectomy involves removal of the enlarged hemorrhoidal tissue to relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence. The procedure can be performed using conventional surgical techniques or newer energy-based methods, depending on the severity and type of hemorrhoids. The goal is to remove diseased tissue while preserving normal anal function.

The procedure is performed under local, regional, or general anesthesia based on patient comfort and clinical factors. It is typically completed in a short time but requires meticulous technique to minimize postoperative pain and complications. Advances in surgical methods have significantly improved outcomes and reduced recovery time.

Following surgery, patients may experience temporary discomfort, which is managed with medication, dietary advice, and stool softeners. Early mobilization, good hygiene, and adequate hydration support healing. Most patients experience dramatic improvement in symptoms once recovery is complete.

Piles surgery provides definitive and long-lasting relief from severe hemorrhoids. When performed by experienced surgeons with proper postoperative care, hemorrhoidectomy offers excellent outcomes, low recurrence rates, and significant improvement in quality of life.