Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is a specialized surgical procedure performed to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when symptoms persist despite optimal medical therapy. GERD is a chronic condition in which stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the esophagus, leading to inflammation, pain, and long-term complications. When lifestyle changes and medications fail to provide adequate relief, surgical intervention offers a durable and effective solution.

The procedure is designed to restore the function of the lower esophageal sphincter, the valve that prevents acid reflux. During Nissen fundoplication, the upper portion of the stomach is wrapped around the lower end of the esophagus to reinforce this valve mechanism. This prevents acid from refluxing while allowing normal swallowing and digestion.

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is indicated in patients with severe or long-standing GERD, reflux-related complications such as esophagitis or strictures, Barrett’s esophagus in selected cases, or those who wish to avoid lifelong dependence on acid-suppressing medications. Thorough preoperative evaluation is essential and includes endoscopy, esophageal pH monitoring, manometry, and imaging to confirm diagnosis and ensure suitability.

The procedure is performed using minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques through small abdominal incisions. A camera and specialized instruments allow precise surgical correction with minimal tissue trauma. Laparoscopic fundoplication offers significant advantages over open surgery, including reduced pain, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery, and excellent cosmetic results.

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is performed under general anesthesia in a specialized operating theater. Intraoperative precision is essential to ensure the wrap is constructed correctly, avoiding complications such as difficulty swallowing or gas bloating. Experienced surgical expertise plays a key role in achieving optimal outcomes.

Following surgery, patients are gradually advanced from liquids to soft foods and then to a normal diet over several weeks. Most patients experience significant and sustained relief from reflux symptoms, including heartburn, regurgitation, chest discomfort, and sleep disturbance. Recovery is generally smooth, and most individuals return to normal activities within a short period.

Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication provides long-term control of GERD and prevents reflux-related complications. When performed in appropriately selected patients, it significantly improves quality of life and reduces dependence on long-term medication.