Deep cleaning, medically known as scaling and root planing, is a specialized periodontal procedure designed to treat moderate to advanced gum disease. When plaque and tartar accumulate below the gum line, they create an environment where bacteria thrive, leading to inflammation, gum recession, bone loss, and eventual tooth mobility. Routine brushing and standard dental cleaning are insufficient to address this deeper infection, making root planing an essential therapeutic intervention.

Gum disease often progresses silently, with early symptoms such as bleeding gums, bad breath, and mild discomfort frequently ignored. As the condition advances, pockets form between the teeth and gums, allowing bacteria to penetrate deeper into the supporting structures. Deep cleaning targets these areas by thoroughly removing hardened deposits and bacterial toxins from the root surfaces of teeth, helping gums reattach and heal.

The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia to ensure patient comfort, particularly when multiple teeth or deep pockets are involved. Specialized ultrasonic and manual instruments are used to carefully remove plaque and calculus from beneath the gum line. The root surfaces are then smoothed through root planing, which reduces bacterial adhesion and promotes healing of the surrounding gum tissue. In some cases, treatment may be completed over multiple visits depending on severity.

Deep cleaning plays a crucial role in halting the progression of periodontal disease and preventing tooth loss. By eliminating infection and inflammation, it reduces gum bleeding, improves breath, and stabilizes teeth. Successful root planing can significantly reduce periodontal pocket depth and may eliminate the need for surgical intervention if performed early.

Post-treatment, patients may experience mild sensitivity or tenderness, which typically resolves within a few days. Maintaining excellent oral hygiene, using prescribed antimicrobial rinses if recommended, and attending regular periodontal reviews are essential for long-term success. Deep cleaning is a cornerstone procedure in periodontal care and a critical step in preserving natural teeth and supporting oral health.