Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) is an advanced physiological assessment used during coronary angiography to determine the functional significance of coronary artery narrowing. While angiography shows anatomical narrowing, FFR assesses whether a specific lesion is actually limiting blood flow to the heart muscle and contributing to ischemia.

FFR provides precise, lesion-specific information by measuring pressure differences across a coronary narrowing under controlled conditions. This allows cardiologists to distinguish between blockages that require intervention and those that can be safely managed without invasive treatment.

The use of FFR is particularly valuable in patients with intermediate coronary lesions, multi-vessel disease, or complex anatomy where visual assessment alone may be insufficient. By guiding treatment decisions, FFR helps avoid unnecessary procedures and ensures that interventions are directed only at clinically significant lesions.

FFR assessment is performed during cardiac catheterization using specialized equipment and real-time pressure measurements. The procedure is integrated seamlessly into diagnostic angiography and does not significantly extend procedure time.

Clinical decision-making based on FFR improves outcomes by reducing unnecessary stenting, lowering complication risk, and optimizing long-term cardiac health. It supports a personalized approach to coronary artery disease management, balancing anatomical findings with physiological relevance.

Patients benefit from more accurate diagnosis, targeted intervention, and improved confidence in treatment decisions. FFR-guided strategies are now considered an important component of contemporary interventional cardiology practice.