Coronary angiography is a diagnostic cardiac catheterization procedure used to visualize the coronary arteries and assess blood flow to the heart muscle. It is considered the gold standard for identifying coronary artery disease, including the presence, location, and severity of arterial narrowing or blockages. The procedure plays a critical role in evaluating patients with chest pain, abnormal non-invasive test results, acute coronary syndromes, and unexplained heart dysfunction.

During coronary angiography, a thin catheter is guided through a peripheral artery to the coronary circulation under imaging guidance. Contrast visualization allows cardiologists to assess arterial anatomy, detect atherosclerotic plaques, and determine whether blood flow is compromised. The information obtained is essential for planning further management, including medical therapy, percutaneous intervention, or surgical referral.

Coronary angiography is commonly indicated in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease, those presenting with heart attacks, and individuals with high-risk features on stress testing. It is also used to evaluate graft patency following bypass surgery and to assess coronary anatomy before complex cardiac procedures.

The procedure is performed in a specialized cardiac catheterization laboratory by experienced interventional cardiologists, with continuous monitoring to ensure patient safety. Advances in technique and imaging have made coronary angiography highly precise with a strong safety profile.

Findings from coronary angiography guide individualized treatment planning. Patients with minimal disease may continue with optimized medical management, while those with significant narrowing may be considered for angioplasty, stenting, or surgical revascularization. Accurate anatomical assessment helps avoid unnecessary procedures and ensures timely intervention when required.

Post-procedure care includes observation, access-site monitoring, and clinical review. Results are discussed with the patient, and a comprehensive care plan is formulated to address both immediate findings and long-term cardiovascular risk.