Transient ischemic attack is a neurological event caused by a temporary interruption of cerebral blood flow, resulting in short-lived neurological symptoms without permanent brain injury. Although symptoms resolve completely, TIA is a medical emergency and a strong predictor of future stroke. Early neurological evaluation and intervention are essential to prevent progression to a disabling or fatal cerebrovascular event.

Clinical manifestations of TIA mirror those of ischemic stroke but typically last minutes to hours and fully resolve within 24 hours. Symptoms may include unilateral weakness, speech disturbance, visual loss, sensory deficits, or transient confusion. The transient nature of symptoms often leads to delayed presentation, increasing the risk of subsequent stroke.

Neurological assessment of TIA focuses on identifying the underlying cause of cerebral ischemia. Brain imaging, vascular studies, cardiac evaluation, and laboratory testing are essential to determine whether symptoms are related to large artery disease, cardioembolism, or small vessel pathology. Risk stratification tools assist neurologists in determining urgency and treatment intensity.

Medical management of TIA is preventive in nature and aims to reduce the risk of future ischemic stroke. Antiplatelet therapy, anticoagulation when indicated, lipid-lowering agents, and aggressive risk factor control form the foundation of treatment. Neurologists individualize therapy based on patient profile and etiology.

Patients with TIA often require close follow-up and long-term neurological care. Education regarding symptom recognition and adherence to preventive strategies is crucial. Lifestyle modification, including smoking cessation, diet, and exercise, significantly reduces recurrence risk.

In the UAE, TIA management emphasizes rapid-access neurology services and stroke prevention clinics. Early neurological intervention has proven highly effective in reducing stroke incidence following TIA.