Tooth sensitivity is a common dental condition characterized by sharp, short-lasting pain in response to thermal, chemical, or tactile stimuli such as hot, cold, sweet, acidic foods, or brushing. It occurs when the protective enamel layer is worn away or when gum recession exposes the underlying dentin, which contains microscopic tubules that transmit stimuli directly to the tooth nerve.

Sensitivity may develop due to aggressive brushing, enamel erosion from acidic diets, gum disease, tooth grinding, cracked teeth, or recent dental procedures. Although often perceived as a minor issue, persistent sensitivity can significantly interfere with eating, drinking, and maintaining oral hygiene.

Diagnosis involves identifying the underlying cause through clinical examination and patient history. Treatment may include desensitizing toothpaste, fluoride varnishes, bonding agents, or addressing contributing factors such as gum disease or enamel erosion. Behavioral changes play an important role in preventing recurrence.

Effective management restores comfort, protects tooth structure, and prevents progression to more serious dental conditions.