Tonsillitis is an inflammatory condition of the tonsils, which are lymphoid tissues located at the back of the throat and play a role in immune defense. It is a common ENT condition affecting both children and adults, particularly during periods of increased viral and bacterial infections. Tonsillitis can be acute, recurrent, or chronic, depending on symptom duration and frequency.

The condition is most commonly caused by viral infections such as adenovirus or influenza, but bacterial infections, particularly Group A Streptococcus, are also frequent causes. Infected tonsils become swollen, red, and painful, impairing their normal function and leading to significant throat discomfort.

Symptoms include sore throat, pain while swallowing, fever, enlarged and tender neck lymph nodes, bad breath, and muffled voice. Children may also experience abdominal pain, headache, or refusal to eat. In severe cases, pus-filled white patches may be visible on the tonsils, and breathing difficulty can occur due to airway narrowing.

Diagnosis is made through clinical examination and may be supported by throat swab testing when bacterial infection is suspected. Accurate diagnosis is important to guide appropriate treatment and prevent complications such as rheumatic fever or peritonsillar abscess.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Viral tonsillitis is managed with supportive care, including hydration, pain relief, and rest. Bacterial tonsillitis requires antibiotic therapy. Patients with recurrent or chronic tonsillitis may be advised to undergo tonsillectomy, particularly when infections interfere with daily life or cause complications.

Early ENT evaluation ensures effective management, symptom relief, and prevention of long-term consequences.