Tennis elbow, medically termed lateral epicondylitis, is a degenerative tendinopathy affecting the common extensor tendon origin at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. Despite its name, the condition is more commonly associated with occupational and repetitive upper limb activities than with racquet sports. It represents a chronic overuse injury characterized by microtearing and degeneration rather than acute inflammation.

Patients typically present with localized pain over the outer aspect of the elbow that worsens with gripping, lifting, or repetitive wrist extension. Pain may radiate into the forearm and is often accompanied by reduced grip strength. Symptoms may develop gradually and persist for months, significantly impacting work and daily activities.

Orthopaedic evaluation includes detailed history and physical examination, focusing on localized tenderness, pain provocation with resisted wrist extension, and assessment of upper limb biomechanics. Imaging is generally not required in early cases but may be used to exclude alternative diagnoses in refractory presentations.

Management is predominantly conservative and emphasizes activity modification, load management, and physiotherapy aimed at tendon remodeling and strengthening. Patient adherence to rehabilitation protocols is critical to recovery. Many cases resolve with structured non-operative care over time.

Persistent symptoms despite prolonged conservative treatment may warrant further intervention. Surgical evaluation is reserved for chronic, refractory cases where pain significantly limits function. Surgical objectives include debridement of degenerated tendon tissue and restoration of tendon integrity.

Tennis elbow requires patience, structured rehabilitation, and careful orthopaedic oversight to achieve long-term symptom resolution and functional recovery.