Stroke is an acute neurological emergency caused by a sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain or by bleeding within the brain tissue. It results in rapid onset of focal neurological deficits due to irreversible neuronal injury if not promptly treated. Stroke is broadly classified into ischemic stroke, caused by arterial occlusion, and hemorrhagic stroke, caused by rupture of cerebral blood vessels. It is a leading cause of long-term disability and mortality worldwide and represents a major neurological burden in the UAE.

The clinical presentation of stroke varies depending on the vascular territory involved and the extent of brain injury. Common symptoms include sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg—typically on one side of the body—speech disturbances, visual field defects, dizziness, loss of coordination, and altered consciousness. Hemorrhagic stroke may additionally present with severe headache, vomiting, and rapid neurological deterioration.

Accurate and rapid diagnosis is critical in stroke management. Neuroimaging, particularly CT and MRI of the brain, plays a central role in differentiating ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke and guiding treatment decisions. Additional investigations such as vascular imaging, cardiac evaluation, and laboratory testing help identify the underlying etiology and guide secondary prevention strategies.

Neurology-led acute stroke management focuses on timely reperfusion in ischemic stroke, blood pressure control, intracranial pressure management, and prevention of secondary brain injury. Patients require close neurological monitoring in specialized stroke or intensive care units. Early intervention significantly improves neurological outcomes and reduces long-term disability.

Post-acute care is an integral part of stroke management. Many patients experience persistent neurological deficits including motor weakness, speech impairment, cognitive dysfunction, and sensory disturbances. Neurologists coordinate long-term management strategies that include pharmacological therapy, risk factor modification, and multidisciplinary rehabilitation.

Secondary stroke prevention is a key component of neurological care. This includes management of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiac disorders, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and physical inactivity. Antithrombotic therapy and individualized treatment plans reduce the risk of recurrent stroke.

In Dubai and across the UAE, stroke care follows international evidence-based protocols and emphasizes early recognition, rapid neurological intervention, and coordinated post-stroke rehabilitation. Comprehensive neurology services play a critical role in improving survival, functional recovery, and long-term quality of life following stroke.