Neurology-related sleep disorders arise from dysfunction of brain networks responsible for sleep–wake regulation, motor control during sleep, and circadian rhythm maintenance. These disorders may occur independently or in association with neurodegenerative, movement, or seizure disorders. Sleep disturbances significantly impact cognitive function, mood, and overall neurological health.

Common neurological sleep disorders include insomnia related to central nervous system dysfunction, hypersomnolence disorders, parasomnias, restless legs syndrome, and REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep disturbance may be an early manifestation of underlying neurological disease and warrants comprehensive evaluation.

Neurological assessment focuses on sleep history, symptom timing, associated neurological features, and medication effects. Sleep studies and neurophysiological testing may be required to characterize abnormal sleep patterns and motor phenomena.

Management is individualized and often multifaceted, addressing both the sleep disorder and any underlying neurological condition. Treatment strategies aim to restore sleep architecture, improve daytime function, and prevent injury associated with abnormal sleep behaviors.

Sleep disorders frequently coexist with cognitive impairment, movement disorders, and epilepsy, requiring integrated neurological management. Ongoing follow-up ensures symptom control and early detection of disease progression.

Neurology-related sleep disorders represent a critical interface between sleep medicine and neuroscience, requiring structured evaluation and evidence-based long-term management.