Sinusitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the paranasal sinuses, air-filled cavities around the nose that play a role in humidifying air and enhancing voice resonance. Sinusitis occurs when sinus drainage pathways become blocked, leading to mucus accumulation and infection. It may be acute, subacute, or chronic depending on symptom duration.

Common causes include viral upper respiratory infections, bacterial infections, nasal polyps, deviated nasal septum, and allergic rhinitis. Symptoms typically include facial pain or pressure, nasal congestion, thick nasal discharge, reduced sense of smell, headache, and postnasal drip. Chronic sinusitis may also cause fatigue and persistent cough.

Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and may be supported by nasal endoscopy or imaging such as CT scans in chronic or complicated cases. Identifying underlying anatomical or inflammatory contributors is essential for effective management.

Treatment includes medications such as nasal sprays, antibiotics when indicated, and allergy management. Patients with chronic or recurrent sinusitis may benefit from surgical intervention to restore normal sinus drainage and ventilation.

With timely ENT care, sinusitis can be effectively managed, reducing recurrence and improving long-term quality of life.