Shoulder impingement syndrome is a common orthopaedic condition resulting from compression of the rotator cuff tendons and subacromial bursa beneath the acromion during arm elevation. Repetitive overhead activity, degenerative changes, and biomechanical imbalance contribute to tendon irritation and inflammation. Persistent impingement may progress to rotator cuff pathology if left untreated.

Patients typically experience shoulder pain during overhead movements, reaching behind the back, or lifting activities. Pain may radiate to the upper arm and worsen at night. Stiffness, weakness, and reduced functional capacity are common as the condition progresses.

Orthopaedic evaluation includes detailed history, assessment of shoulder range of motion, strength testing, and provocative maneuvers. Imaging may be used to evaluate bony morphology and soft tissue involvement.

Initial treatment is conservative, focusing on activity modification, physiotherapy, and anti-inflammatory measures. Failure of non-operative treatment may necessitate surgical intervention to relieve impingement and restore biomechanics.

Shoulder impingement requires early diagnosis and structured management to prevent progression to rotator cuff tears.