Severe obesity is defined as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 35 or higher when accompanied by one or more obesity-related medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea, or joint disorders. In these individuals, excess body weight directly worsens existing diseases, increases the risk of complications, and significantly reduces the effectiveness of medical treatment alone.

Patients with severe obesity often experience metabolic dysfunction that prevents meaningful or sustained weight loss through lifestyle modification alone. Hormonal imbalance, insulin resistance, and altered hunger signals promote persistent weight gain and frequent weight regain despite repeated attempts at dieting and exercise. As a result, comorbid conditions progress more rapidly, leading to increased cardiovascular risk, declining mobility, chronic pain, and reduced quality of life.

Bariatric surgery is internationally recognized as a medically indicated treatment for severe obesity with comorbidities. Unlike non-surgical weight loss methods, bariatric procedures address the underlying metabolic abnormalities that drive weight gain. By altering stomach size, digestion, and gut hormone signaling, surgery promotes early satiety, improved insulin sensitivity, and better metabolic control.

Patients with severe obesity often experience rapid improvement in associated medical conditions following surgery. Blood sugar levels stabilize, blood pressure improves, sleep quality increases, and joint stress decreases as body weight reduces. These improvements frequently allow patients to reduce or discontinue long-term medications under medical supervision.

Treatment begins with a thorough multidisciplinary evaluation to assess surgical suitability, identify risk factors, and select the most appropriate procedure. Long-term follow-up focuses on nutritional adequacy, lifestyle modification, physical activity, and regular monitoring to ensure sustained benefits and prevent complications.

For patients whose health is already compromised by obesity-related disease, bariatric surgery offers a proactive approach to halting disease progression, restoring metabolic balance, and improving long-term health outcomes.