Postpartum complications refer to medical conditions that arise after childbirth and can affect maternal physical and emotional health during the recovery period. While most women recover uneventfully following delivery, some experience complications that require prompt recognition and management to prevent serious morbidity.

Common postpartum complications include excessive bleeding, infection, wound complications, urinary retention, thromboembolic events, breastfeeding difficulties, and psychological conditions such as postpartum depression. Symptoms may develop immediately after delivery or weeks later, emphasizing the importance of continued postnatal surveillance.

Postpartum hemorrhage remains one of the most serious complications and can occur due to uterine atony, retained placental tissue, or genital tract trauma. Infections may involve the uterus, urinary tract, surgical wounds, or breasts and often present with fever, pain, or abnormal discharge.

Other complications include delayed uterine involution, persistent pain, pelvic floor dysfunction, and complications related to cesarean delivery. Psychological complications can significantly impact maternal well-being and bonding with the newborn if not addressed early.

Evaluation of postpartum complications requires careful assessment of symptoms, physical findings, and relevant investigations. Early diagnosis allows timely intervention, reducing the risk of long-term consequences.

With appropriate care, most postpartum complications can be effectively managed, allowing safe recovery and restoration of maternal health. Structured follow-up ensures early identification of concerns and supports optimal postnatal outcomes.