Peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes occur when nerves are compressed or constricted along their anatomical course, leading to pain, sensory disturbance, and motor dysfunction. Common sites include the carpal tunnel, cubital tunnel, and tarsal tunnel, though entrapment may occur at multiple anatomical locations. Chronic compression results in ischemia and structural nerve damage if untreated.

Patients typically present with numbness, tingling, burning pain, or weakness in the nerve distribution. Symptoms may worsen with activity or specific postures. Prolonged entrapment can lead to muscle atrophy and irreversible functional loss, necessitating timely neurosurgical evaluation.

Diagnosis is based on clinical examination supported by electrophysiological studies and imaging when required. Correlation between symptoms, examination findings, and investigations guides surgical decision-making.

Surgical management aims to relieve nerve compression and restore normal nerve function. Decompression procedures are tailored to the specific nerve and entrapment site. Early intervention improves outcomes and prevents permanent nerve damage.

Postoperative recovery involves gradual symptom resolution and functional improvement. Long-term follow-up assesses nerve recovery and addresses residual deficits.

Peripheral nerve entrapment represents a surgically correctable cause of neurological dysfunction when accurately diagnosed and appropriately managed.