Ovarian cancer is a serious gynecological malignancy that often presents at an advanced stage due to subtle and non-specific early symptoms. It originates from the ovaries or surrounding tissues and is most commonly diagnosed in postmenopausal women, although it can occur at any age. Early detection remains challenging, making comprehensive medical oncology care essential.

Symptoms may include abdominal bloating, pelvic pain, early satiety, urinary urgency, fatigue, and unexplained weight changes. Risk factors include family history, genetic mutations such as BRCA, increasing age, and reproductive history. Because symptoms are vague, ovarian cancer is frequently diagnosed only after disease has spread within the abdomen.

Medical oncology is a cornerstone of ovarian cancer treatment. Chemotherapy is typically used following surgery and may also be administered before surgery to reduce tumor burden. Systemic therapy aims to eliminate microscopic disease, delay recurrence, and control advanced or recurrent cancer.

Targeted therapies have significantly changed ovarian cancer management, particularly for patients with specific genetic mutations. Maintenance therapy plays an important role in prolonging remission and improving progression-free survival. Molecular testing is now standard to guide treatment decisions and personalize care.

Recurrent ovarian cancer requires careful treatment planning, balancing disease control with quality of life. Medical oncologists monitor response closely and adapt therapy based on treatment sensitivity and patient tolerance. Supportive care addressing nutrition, fatigue, emotional wellbeing, and symptom management is critical.

In the UAE, ovarian cancer care follows international guidelines and emphasizes multidisciplinary collaboration between medical oncologists, gynecologic surgeons, radiologists, and supportive care teams. Advances in systemic therapy continue to improve outcomes for women with ovarian cancer.