Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage breakdown, joint inflammation, pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. Obesity is one of the strongest risk factors for osteoarthritis, particularly in the knees, hips, and spine, where joints bear the greatest mechanical load.

Excess body weight accelerates cartilage wear by increasing joint pressure during movement. For example, each step taken by an overweight individual transmits several times their body weight through the knee joints. Over time, this leads to cartilage thinning, bone remodeling, and joint deformity. Inflammatory substances released by fat tissue further contribute to joint degeneration and pain.

Patients with obesity-related osteoarthritis often experience chronic pain, morning stiffness, difficulty walking, and reduced participation in physical activity. As pain increases, mobility declines, leading to muscle weakness and further joint instability. In severe cases, osteoarthritis can significantly impair independence and may require joint replacement surgery.

Bariatric surgery plays an important role in the management of osteoarthritis by reducing excess body weight and joint load. Weight loss achieved through surgery decreases mechanical stress on joints, slows disease progression, and improves pain and functional capacity. Many patients experience significant symptom relief within the first year following surgery.

Importantly, bariatric surgery may delay or even prevent the need for joint replacement surgery in some patients. For those who eventually require orthopedic procedures, weight loss improves surgical outcomes, reduces complications, and enhances post-operative recovery.
Management includes collaboration between bariatric surgeons, orthopedic specialists, and physiotherapists. Post-operative care emphasizes gradual reintroduction of physical activity, muscle strengthening, and joint protection strategies.

By addressing obesity as a modifiable risk factor, bariatric surgery provides long-term benefit in managing osteoarthritis, improving mobility, and enhancing overall musculoskeletal health.