Oral cancer screening is a preventive dental assessment aimed at identifying early signs of oral cancer or pre-cancerous changes within the oral cavity. Early detection plays a critical role in improving treatment outcomes and survival rates, as oral cancers are often diagnosed at advanced stages when symptoms become noticeable. Routine screening during dental visits allows for early recognition of abnormal findings that may otherwise go undetected.

Oral cancer can affect the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, palate, and throat. Risk factors include tobacco use, alcohol consumption, human papillomavirus infection, excessive sun exposure to the lips, and a family history of cancer. However, oral cancer can also occur in individuals without obvious risk factors, making routine screening important for all adults.

During screening, dentists examine the oral tissues for abnormalities such as non-healing ulcers, red or white patches, unexplained lumps, thickened areas, or changes in tissue texture. Many early lesions are painless and subtle, reinforcing the importance of professional examination. Dentists also assess patient history and risk factors as part of a comprehensive evaluation.

Screening findings do not automatically indicate cancer. Many oral lesions are benign or inflammatory in nature. However, any abnormality that persists beyond two weeks or shows concerning features requires further investigation. Early referral for biopsy or specialist evaluation ensures timely diagnosis and appropriate management.

Patient education is an important component of oral cancer screening. Dentists provide guidance on recognizing warning signs, reducing risk factors, and maintaining regular dental check-ups. Awareness and early intervention significantly improve prognosis and reduce the need for aggressive treatment.

Oral cancer screening is a vital preventive service that supports early diagnosis, patient reassurance, and long-term oral and overall health.