Obesity-related hypertension develops as excess body weight increases blood volume, vascular resistance, and hormonal imbalance. Fat tissue releases substances that promote inflammation and sodium retention, leading to persistently elevated blood pressure.

Many obese patients require multiple medications to control hypertension, yet blood pressure often remains poorly controlled. Bariatric surgery improves blood pressure by reducing body weight, improving vascular function, and restoring hormonal balance.

Patients frequently experience significant reductions in blood pressure following surgery, with many able to reduce or discontinue antihypertensive medications under medical supervision. This lowers long-term cardiovascular risk and reduces medication-related side effects.