Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a sudden and often reversible decline in kidney function that develops over hours to days. It is a common condition among hospitalized patients in the UAE, particularly in intensive care units, and is associated with increased morbidity if not recognized early.

AKI occurs when the kidneys are unable to adequately filter waste products, regulate fluid balance, or maintain electrolyte stability. Common triggers include dehydration, severe infection, major surgery, medication toxicity, and reduced blood flow to the kidneys.

Patients with AKI may present with reduced urine output, swelling, fatigue, nausea, confusion, or shortness of breath. In some cases, AKI is detected only through abnormal blood tests showing rising creatinine levels.

Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests, assessment of urine output, and imaging to exclude obstruction. Identifying the underlying cause is critical to guiding treatment.

Management focuses on correcting the underlying trigger, optimizing fluid balance, avoiding nephrotoxic medications, and managing electrolyte abnormalities. Severe cases may require temporary dialysis support.

With prompt treatment, kidney function often recovers. However, severe or recurrent AKI increases the risk of chronic kidney disease.