Nasal polyps are non-cancerous, soft, painless growths that develop from the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses due to chronic inflammation. They are commonly associated with long-standing sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and certain immune-related conditions. Although benign, nasal polyps can significantly impair breathing, smell, and overall sinus function.

Polyps form when prolonged inflammation causes swelling of the nasal mucosa, leading to fluid accumulation and tissue overgrowth. They often occur bilaterally and may increase in size over time. Small polyps may be asymptomatic, while larger or multiple polyps can obstruct nasal airflow and sinus drainage.

Symptoms include persistent nasal congestion, reduced or complete loss of smell, facial pressure, postnasal drip, recurrent sinus infections, snoring, and mouth breathing. Patients may also experience fatigue and reduced quality of life due to chronic nasal symptoms.

Diagnosis is made through nasal endoscopy, which allows direct visualization of the polyps. Imaging studies such as CT scans help assess sinus involvement and disease extent. Identifying associated conditions is crucial for long-term management.

Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, shrink polyps, and prevent recurrence. Medical therapy includes intranasal corticosteroids and management of underlying allergies or asthma. In cases where medical treatment fails, endoscopic sinus surgery is performed to remove polyps and restore normal sinus drainage. Long-term follow-up is essential, as recurrence is common.