Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies. In myeloma, abnormal plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow, disrupting normal blood cell production and causing bone damage, kidney impairment, anemia, and immune dysfunction. It is a chronic and complex blood cancer that primarily affects older adults.

Symptoms of multiple myeloma may include persistent bone pain, especially in the spine or ribs, frequent infections, fatigue, anemia, kidney problems, and elevated calcium levels. Diagnosis is based on blood and urine tests, bone marrow examination, imaging studies, and molecular analysis.

Medical oncology plays a central role in the management of multiple myeloma. Systemic therapy is the primary treatment and aims to control disease activity, reduce complications, and prolong survival. Chemotherapy is often combined with targeted therapies and immune-modulating agents to improve treatment response and durability.

Advances in targeted therapy have significantly improved outcomes for myeloma patients by disrupting specific pathways that support cancer cell survival. Immunotherapy has further expanded treatment options, enabling deeper and more sustained remissions. Treatment is typically delivered in multiple phases and adapted over time based on disease response.

Multiple myeloma is generally considered a chronic condition requiring long-term management. Medical oncologists closely monitor disease markers and adjust therapy to maintain control while minimizing side effects. Supportive care addressing bone health, kidney function, infection prevention, and symptom management is essential.

In Dubai and the UAE, multiple myeloma care follows international treatment standards with access to advanced systemic therapies. Multidisciplinary oncology teams focus on personalized treatment strategies and long-term disease control.