Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer arising from pigment-producing melanocytes. Although less common than other skin cancers, melanoma is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths due to its high potential to spread. Excessive ultraviolet exposure, fair skin, genetic susceptibility, and a history of sunburns are key risk factors.

Early melanoma typically presents as a changing mole or pigmented skin lesion. Advanced melanoma may cause lymph node enlargement, weight loss, fatigue, or organ-specific symptoms depending on metastasis. Early detection dramatically improves survival, while advanced disease requires specialized medical oncology care.

Medical oncology has revolutionized melanoma treatment in recent years. Immunotherapy has become a cornerstone of treatment, significantly improving survival even in advanced disease. These therapies enhance the immune system’s ability to recognize and destroy melanoma cells.

Targeted therapies are highly effective in patients whose tumors harbor specific genetic mutations. Molecular testing is essential to guide treatment selection and optimize outcomes. Combination systemic therapies are often used to improve response durability.

For metastatic melanoma, medical oncology focuses on disease control, symptom management, and long-term survival. Regular monitoring and treatment adaptation are critical to managing this dynamic disease.

In the UAE, melanoma care follows international standards with access to advanced systemic therapies. Multidisciplinary oncology teams ensure comprehensive, patient-centered care.