Laryngitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the larynx, commonly known as the voice box. It occurs when the vocal cords become swollen or irritated, altering their ability to vibrate normally and resulting in voice changes. Laryngitis may be acute or chronic and is a frequent reason for voice-related ENT consultations.

Acute laryngitis is most often caused by viral upper respiratory infections, vocal overuse, or exposure to irritants such as smoke or pollutants. Chronic laryngitis persists for weeks or months and is commonly associated with acid reflux, smoking, alcohol use, environmental exposure, or ongoing vocal strain. In some cases, underlying structural or neurological conditions may contribute.

Symptoms include hoarseness, weak or breathy voice, voice fatigue, sore throat, dry cough, and difficulty projecting the voice. Severe inflammation may cause complete voice loss. Chronic laryngitis may be accompanied by throat clearing, sensation of mucus, or burning discomfort.

Diagnosis is based on clinical history and laryngeal examination. Laryngoscopy allows direct visualization of inflamed vocal cords and helps rule out more serious conditions such as vocal cord lesions or malignancy.

Treatment focuses on voice rest, hydration, and management of underlying causes. Medical therapy may include anti-inflammatory treatment, reflux management, and avoidance of irritants. Persistent cases require ENT follow-up to prevent long-term vocal damage.