Hip osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint condition marked by progressive cartilage loss, structural joint changes, and mechanical dysfunction of the hip joint. It results in chronic pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility, significantly impacting gait and functional independence. Hip osteoarthritis may be primary or secondary to developmental abnormalities, trauma, or avascular necrosis.

Patients commonly report deep groin pain, buttock discomfort, or pain radiating to the thigh or knee. Symptoms are typically aggravated by walking, standing, or rotational movements of the hip. Reduced range of motion, particularly internal rotation, is an early clinical sign. As the disease advances, pain becomes persistent and interferes with sleep and daily activities.

Orthopaedic assessment involves careful clinical examination of gait, hip range of motion, limb length, and muscle strength. Radiographic imaging confirms diagnosis and reveals joint space narrowing, osteophyte formation, and femoral head deformity. Imaging findings must be interpreted alongside clinical severity.

Conservative management includes activity modification, physiotherapy, analgesics, and lifestyle measures. These interventions aim to reduce pain and preserve joint function but do not reverse structural degeneration. Failure of conservative treatment prompts consideration of surgical options.

Total hip arthroplasty is the gold standard treatment for advanced hip osteoarthritis. Surgical objectives include pain relief, restoration of joint biomechanics, and improvement in mobility. Modern implant designs and surgical techniques have led to excellent long-term outcomes.

Postoperative rehabilitation focuses on gait training, muscle strengthening, and functional recovery. Hip replacement surgery significantly improves quality of life in appropriately selected patients.

Hip osteoarthritis requires timely orthopaedic intervention to prevent prolonged disability and restore functional independence.