Head and neck cancers comprise a diverse group of malignancies affecting the oral cavity, throat, larynx, nasal passages, salivary glands, and related structures. These cancers are often linked to tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus infection. Due to their location, head and neck cancers can significantly impact speech, swallowing, breathing, and overall quality of life.

Symptoms may include persistent sore throat, mouth ulcers, difficulty swallowing, voice changes, neck lumps, unexplained weight loss, or ear pain. Early diagnosis is critical, as advanced disease is associated with increased morbidity and complex treatment requirements.

Medical oncology plays a vital role in head and neck cancer management, particularly in locally advanced and metastatic disease. Chemotherapy is commonly used in combination with radiation or as palliative treatment to control disease progression. Systemic therapy aims to enhance treatment effectiveness while preserving organ function whenever possible.

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have become important options in the treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancers. These treatments offer improved disease control and survival benefits in selected patients based on tumor characteristics and prior therapy response.

Comprehensive care involves careful treatment planning to balance cancer control with functional preservation. Medical oncologists work closely with ENT surgeons, radiation oncologists, speech therapists, and rehabilitation teams to optimize outcomes and support recovery.

In the UAE, head and neck cancer care follows evidence-based international guidelines and emphasizes multidisciplinary coordination. Advances in systemic therapy and supportive care continue to improve survival and quality of life for patients with these complex cancers.