Gum recession is a dental condition in which the gum tissue surrounding the teeth gradually pulls back, exposing the tooth roots. This exposure can lead to sensitivity, aesthetic concerns, and increased risk of decay and tooth loss if not properly managed. Gum recession often develops slowly and may go unnoticed until significant damage has occurred.

Common causes of gum recession include aggressive brushing, poor oral hygiene, gum disease, teeth grinding, misaligned teeth, and genetic predisposition. Inflammation caused by plaque and tartar buildup weakens the gum attachment, allowing the tissue to recede over time. Smoking and certain medical conditions can further accelerate the process.

Patients with gum recession may experience tooth sensitivity to temperature changes, visible lengthening of teeth, and notching near the gum line. Exposed roots are more vulnerable to decay because they lack the protective enamel layer found on the crown of the tooth. Recession can also compromise the stability of teeth and increase the risk of periodontal disease.

Diagnosis involves clinical examination to measure gum attachment levels and assess contributing factors. Treatment focuses on stopping progression and protecting exposed root surfaces. This may include professional deep cleaning, desensitizing treatments, modification of brushing techniques, and management of contributing habits such as grinding.

In advanced cases, surgical procedures may be required to restore gum coverage and protect the tooth roots. Early intervention plays a critical role in preserving tooth structure and maintaining gum health.