Peptic ulcer disease refers to open sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine. The condition occurs when protective mucosal defenses are disrupted, allowing digestive acids to injure the underlying tissue.

Patients commonly present with burning or gnawing upper abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, indigestion, and discomfort that may worsen at night or on an empty stomach. In some cases, ulcers may remain asymptomatic until complications occur.

If untreated, peptic ulcers can lead to serious complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, or gastric outlet obstruction. These complications can be life-threatening and require urgent medical attention.

Diagnosis is confirmed through gastroscopy and targeted testing to identify contributing factors. Management focuses on addressing underlying causes, supporting mucosal healing, dietary guidance, and regular follow-up to prevent recurrence and complications.