Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ responsible for producing digestive enzymes and hormones that regulate blood sugar. The condition may present as acute pancreatitis, which develops suddenly, or chronic pancreatitis, which results from long-standing pancreatic injury. Common contributing factors include gallstones, alcohol exposure, metabolic disorders, and structural abnormalities of the pancreatic ducts.

Acute pancreatitis typically presents with severe upper abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal tenderness, and fever. The severity can range from mild inflammation to life-threatening systemic illness with organ involvement. Chronic pancreatitis often presents with persistent abdominal pain, weight loss, digestive difficulties, and progressive loss of pancreatic function.

Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation supported by blood tests and imaging studies such as ultrasound or cross-sectional imaging to assess pancreatic inflammation and complications. Identifying the underlying cause is critical to guide management and prevent recurrence.

Management focuses on pancreatic rest, supportive care, nutritional optimization, and addressing the underlying cause. Chronic pancreatitis requires long-term monitoring to manage nutritional deficiencies, metabolic complications, and quality-of-life impact. Early diagnosis and structured follow-up significantly reduce complications and disease progression.