Fatty liver disease occurs when excess fat accumulates within liver cells, impairing normal liver function. It is commonly associated with obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome. Fatty liver disease may occur with or without alcohol use and can progress silently over many years.

Most patients are asymptomatic in early stages, though some may experience fatigue, abdominal discomfort, or liver enlargement. In a subset of individuals, fatty liver progresses to inflammation and fibrosis, eventually leading to cirrhosis or liver failure if left unmanaged.

Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests and imaging studies that identify fat accumulation and assess liver health. Evaluation also includes screening for associated metabolic conditions and cardiovascular risk.

Management focuses on lifestyle-based interventions, including weight management, dietary modification, and physical activity. Regular monitoring is essential to track disease progression and identify complications early. Addressing fatty liver disease also plays a key role in reducing overall cardiovascular and metabolic risk.