Eyelid droop, medically referred to as ptosis, is a condition characterized by the abnormal lowering of the upper eyelid. In plastic and reconstructive surgery, selected cases of ptosis are addressed where eyelid drooping significantly affects vision, eye comfort, or facial symmetry. Ptosis may be congenital or acquired and can involve one or both eyes, with severity ranging from mild drooping to complete obstruction of the visual axis.

Congenital ptosis occurs due to underdevelopment of the levator muscle responsible for lifting the eyelid. Acquired ptosis is more common and may result from aging-related stretching of eyelid tissues, nerve damage, muscle disorders, trauma, previous eye surgery, or neurological conditions. In older adults, involutional ptosis is frequently associated with weakened muscle attachments over time.

Patients with ptosis may experience reduced peripheral vision, eye strain, headaches, fatigue, and compensatory behaviors such as raising the eyebrows or tilting the head backward to see clearly. In children, ptosis is particularly concerning as it may interfere with visual development and lead to amblyopia if left untreated. From an aesthetic standpoint, ptosis can create an appearance of tiredness, asymmetry, or facial imbalance.

Evaluation of ptosis involves careful measurement of eyelid position, muscle strength, eyelid symmetry, and eye movements. Visual field testing may be required to document functional impairment. Identifying the underlying cause is critical, as some forms of ptosis may signal systemic or neurological conditions requiring further investigation.

Management depends on severity, cause, and impact on function. Mild cases may be monitored, while significant ptosis affecting vision or quality of life often requires surgical correction. Surgical management aims to elevate the eyelid to a natural, symmetrical position while preserving eyelid closure and eye protection.

Successful correction of ptosis improves visual function, reduces fatigue, and restores facial balance. When performed with careful planning and precision, ptosis correction delivers durable functional and aesthetic benefits, enhancing both vision and confidence.