Ear wax impaction, also known as cerumen impaction, occurs when ear wax accumulates excessively in the ear canal and causes symptoms. Ear wax is a natural substance produced to protect the ear canal by trapping dust, debris, and microorganisms. Problems arise when wax fails to migrate outward naturally and instead builds up, leading to blockage.

Symptoms include reduced hearing, ear fullness, discomfort, itching, tinnitus, dizziness, and sometimes pain. Improper cleaning practices such as using cotton swabs often push wax deeper into the canal, worsening the impaction.

Diagnosis is made through otoscopic examination. Treatment involves safe removal techniques such as microsuction, irrigation, or manual extraction performed by an ENT specialist. Self-removal attempts are discouraged due to the risk of injury and infection.

Regular ENT evaluation is recommended for individuals prone to wax buildup, hearing aid users, and the elderly. Proper management restores hearing, relieves symptoms, and prevents complications.