A deviated nasal septum (DNS) refers to a condition in which the nasal septum, the cartilage and bone structure dividing the nasal cavity into two passages, is displaced to one side. While mild deviations are common and often asymptomatic, significant deviation can obstruct airflow, impair nasal function, and contribute to multiple ENT problems.

DNS may be congenital or result from nasal trauma sustained during childhood, sports activities, accidents, or birth. Over time, the deviation can worsen due to uneven growth of nasal structures. When airflow through one or both nasal passages is restricted, patients experience chronic nasal obstruction and difficulty breathing through the nose.

Common symptoms include persistent nasal congestion on one side, mouth breathing, snoring, recurrent sinus infections, nosebleeds, facial pressure, and reduced sense of smell. Some patients also report headaches, disturbed sleep, and increased susceptibility to upper respiratory infections. In children, untreated nasal obstruction can affect facial growth and sleep quality.

Diagnosis is made through detailed ENT examination, including anterior rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy. Imaging studies such as CT scans may be recommended when sinus disease or surgical planning is required. Assessment focuses on the degree of deviation and its functional impact rather than the visual appearance alone.

Management depends on symptom severity. Mild cases may respond to medical therapy aimed at reducing mucosal swelling. However, definitive correction requires septoplasty, a surgical procedure that straightens the nasal septum and restores normal airflow. Septoplasty significantly improves breathing, reduces sinus infections, and enhances overall nasal function.

Early ENT consultation ensures accurate diagnosis, appropriate intervention, and prevention of long-term complications associated with chronic nasal obstruction.