Skin aging is a gradual biological process influenced by intrinsic factors such as genetics and chronological aging, as well as extrinsic factors, primarily ultraviolet radiation exposure. Photoaging refers specifically to premature skin aging caused by chronic sun exposure and environmental damage. Together, these processes result in visible changes in skin texture, tone, elasticity, and overall appearance.

Common signs of skin aging include fine lines, wrinkles, uneven pigmentation, dryness, loss of firmness, enlarged pores, and rough skin texture. Photoaged skin may also show sun spots, redness, and visible blood vessels, particularly on the face, neck, hands, and décolletage.

Environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation, pollution, smoking, and lifestyle habits accelerate collagen breakdown, impair skin barrier function, and reduce regenerative capacity. These changes not only affect appearance but may also compromise skin health and resilience.

Dermatological assessment focuses on evaluating skin type, degree of photodamage, pigmentation changes, and overall skin quality. Understanding individual risk factors allows for personalized care planning and prevention strategies.

Management of skin aging emphasizes skin protection, maintenance of skin barrier integrity, and stimulation of natural skin repair processes. Long-term dermatological care supports healthier skin aging, improved texture, and reduction of visible damage.

Patient education plays a key role in preventing further photoaging through sun protection awareness, skincare routines, and lifestyle modification. With consistent dermatological guidance, patients can achieve healthier, more resilient skin over time.