Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible condition characterized by a gradual decline in kidney function over months or years. It is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the UAE, largely driven by the high burden of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the population. CKD affects the kidneys’ ability to filter waste products, regulate fluid balance, maintain electrolyte stability, and support hormonal functions essential for overall health.

CKD is classified into five stages based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), ranging from mild kidney damage to complete kidney failure. In the early stages, CKD is often asymptomatic, which contributes to delayed diagnosis. As kidney function declines, patients may develop fatigue, swelling of the legs and face, reduced appetite, nausea, changes in urination, and worsening blood pressure control.

The most common causes of CKD in the UAE include diabetic kidney disease, hypertensive kidney disease, chronic glomerulonephritis, and inherited or structural kidney disorders. Persistent high blood sugar and elevated blood pressure damage the delicate filtering units of the kidneys, leading to progressive scarring and loss of function. Without timely intervention, CKD may advance to end-stage kidney disease, requiring dialysis or advanced renal care.

Diagnosis of CKD involves blood tests to measure serum creatinine and calculate eGFR, urine tests to detect proteinuria or albuminuria, blood pressure monitoring, and imaging studies to assess kidney size and structure. Early detection is critical, as appropriate treatment can significantly slow disease progression.

Management of CKD focuses on controlling the underlying cause, slowing kidney damage, and preventing complications. This includes tight blood sugar and blood pressure control, use of kidney-protective medications, dietary modification, anemia management, and correction of mineral and bone disorders. Regular nephrology follow-up allows close monitoring and timely adjustment of treatment plans.

CKD is a lifelong condition, but with early diagnosis and comprehensive care, many patients can maintain stable kidney function for years. Preventive strategies, patient education, and lifestyle modification play a central role in improving long-term outcomes and quality of life.