Cervical dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix, often detected through routine cervical screening such as Pap smear testing. These cellular changes are commonly associated with persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). While cervical dysplasia itself is not cancer, it represents a precancerous condition that can progress to cervical cancer if left untreated.

Abnormal Pap smear results may range from mild cellular changes to high-grade lesions that require prompt evaluation. Many women with cervical dysplasia are asymptomatic, highlighting the importance of regular screening. In some cases, abnormal bleeding or discharge may occur, though symptoms are not reliable indicators of disease severity.

Evaluation focuses on confirming the degree of abnormality, assessing HPV status, and determining appropriate management. Early detection allows timely intervention and significantly reduces cervical cancer risk.

Management depends on the severity of dysplasia, patient age, and reproductive considerations. Close monitoring or procedural treatment may be required to remove abnormal cells and prevent progression.

Cervical dysplasia is highly treatable when identified early. Adherence to screening guidelines and follow-up care is essential in preventing invasive cervical cancer.