Arrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm, where the heart beats too fast, too slow, or irregularly. A normal heartbeat follows a precise electrical pattern that ensures efficient blood circulation. When this electrical system is disrupted, it can lead to arrhythmias, affecting the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively.

Symptoms of arrhythmia vary widely. Some patients may feel palpitations, fluttering, skipped beats, or a racing heart, while others experience dizziness, fatigue, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, or fainting. In some cases, arrhythmias may be silent and detected only during routine examinations, yet still carry serious health risks.

Arrhythmias can originate in different parts of the heart and range from benign to life-threatening. Common types include atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, and heart block. Certain arrhythmias increase the risk of stroke, heart failure, or sudden cardiac arrest if not appropriately managed.

Causes of arrhythmia include coronary artery disease, heart attacks, heart failure, valve disorders, high blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, thyroid disease, excessive caffeine or alcohol intake, stress, and certain medications. People with diabetes and long-standing heart disease are particularly at risk.

Diagnosis involves recording the heart’s electrical activity through ECG, Holter monitoring, event recorders, or electrophysiological studies. These tests help determine the type, frequency, and severity of the rhythm disturbance.

Treatment is tailored to the specific arrhythmia and patient profile. Options include medications to control heart rate or rhythm, blood thinners to reduce stroke risk, electrical cardioversion, catheter-based ablation procedures, or implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators when needed.

Early detection and management of arrhythmias are critical. With proper treatment, most patients can control symptoms, reduce complications, and lead active, healthy lives while maintaining long-term heart safety.