Burn scars and contractures are complex reconstructive challenges that result from thermal, chemical, or electrical burn injuries. Severe burns damage not only the skin but also deeper tissues, leading to extensive scarring during the healing process. As scars mature, they may tighten and shorten, forming contractures that restrict movement, distort anatomy, and impair function.

Burn scars vary in severity depending on burn depth, size, location, and quality of initial wound care. Superficial burns may heal with minimal scarring, while deep burns often result in thick, rigid scars that alter skin elasticity. Contractures commonly develop across joints, the neck, hands, face, or trunk, causing limitation of movement and affecting posture, dexterity, and daily activities.

In addition to functional impairment, burn scars often have a profound psychological and social impact. Disfigurement, altered body image, and long-term disability can significantly affect mental health, employment, and social integration. Children with burn contractures are particularly vulnerable, as growth can worsen deformities over time.

Assessment of burn scars and contractures includes evaluation of scar maturity, range of motion, skin quality, functional limitations, and impact on daily living. Timing of intervention is critical; while some scars improve with conservative therapy, established contractures often require surgical release.

Management aims to restore function, improve mobility, relieve tension, and enhance appearance. Reconstruction may involve staged procedures, with careful planning to minimize recurrence and support long-term outcomes. Postoperative rehabilitation, including physiotherapy and splinting, plays a vital role in maintaining surgical gains.

Burn reconstruction is a long-term process that requires a multidisciplinary approach and patient commitment. With appropriate expertise and structured care, reconstructive plastic surgery can significantly improve function, independence, and quality of life for burn survivors.