Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among women globally and remains a significant health concern in the UAE. It develops when abnormal cells in the breast tissue grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor that may spread to surrounding lymph nodes or distant organs if left untreated. Breast cancer can affect both women and men, although it is far more prevalent in women. Early detection through regular screening and prompt medical intervention plays a critical role in improving survival rates and long-term outcomes.

Breast cancer is a biologically diverse disease and is classified into subtypes based on hormone receptor status and genetic markers. These include hormone receptor–positive breast cancer, HER2-positive breast cancer, and triple-negative breast cancer. Each subtype behaves differently and responds to specific systemic therapies, making personalized treatment planning essential. Symptoms may include a breast lump, skin changes, nipple discharge, breast pain, or swelling under the arm, although early-stage disease may be completely asymptomatic.

Medical oncology is central to the management of breast cancer across all stages. Systemic treatments aim to eliminate cancer cells throughout the body, reduce recurrence risk, and control disease progression in advanced cases. Chemotherapy is commonly used either before surgery (neoadjuvant) to shrink tumors or after surgery (adjuvant) to destroy residual cancer cells. Hormonal therapy is highly effective for estrogen- or progesterone-receptor–positive cancers and may be prescribed for several years to prevent recurrence.

Targeted therapy has transformed outcomes for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer by specifically attacking cancer-driving proteins while sparing healthy cells. Immunotherapy is increasingly used for selected patients, particularly those with advanced or triple-negative disease, helping the immune system recognize and destroy cancer cells more effectively. These therapies are often combined strategically based on tumor biology, stage, and patient health.

Advanced and metastatic breast cancer requires long-term disease control rather than cure. Medical oncology focuses on prolonging survival, managing symptoms, and preserving quality of life through sequential treatment lines and supportive care. Treatment decisions are guided by imaging, tumor markers, molecular testing, and response monitoring.

In Dubai and the wider UAE, breast cancer care follows international clinical guidelines and emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach. Medical oncologists collaborate closely with breast surgeons, radiation oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, and specialized nursing teams to ensure comprehensive care from diagnosis through survivorship. Psychological support, fertility preservation counseling, and survivorship planning are also integral components of modern breast cancer management.

With advances in medical oncology, breast cancer has become one of the most treatable cancers when detected early. Ongoing follow-up, lifestyle modifications, and adherence to long-term therapy are essential in maintaining remission and reducing recurrence risk