Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe form of respiratory failure characterized by widespread inflammation of the lungs, leading to impaired oxygen exchange and life-threatening hypoxemia. ARDS commonly develops in critically ill patients due to sepsis, severe pneumonia, trauma, aspiration, or pancreatitis and requires advanced ICU care.

In ARDS, the lung’s air sacs fill with fluid and inflammatory material, reducing oxygen delivery to the bloodstream. Patients experience severe shortness of breath, rapid breathing, low oxygen levels, and respiratory distress that cannot be corrected with standard oxygen therapy. Mechanical ventilation is almost always required.

ICU management of ARDS focuses on lung-protective ventilation strategies to prevent further lung injury while ensuring adequate oxygenation. Careful adjustment of ventilator settings, prone positioning, and advanced oxygenation techniques are used to support breathing. Sedation and neuromuscular support may be required to synchronize breathing with the ventilator.

ARDS is often accompanied by multi-organ dysfunction, necessitating comprehensive critical care support. Continuous monitoring, fluid balance optimization, and treatment of the underlying cause are essential components of care. Recovery from ARDS can be prolonged, requiring extended ICU stays and rehabilitation.

Specialized ICU management significantly improves survival and long-term outcomes in ARDS patients.