Acute respiratory failure is a critical condition in which the lungs are unable to provide adequate oxygen to the body or remove carbon dioxide effectively. It is a common reason for ICU admission and may develop suddenly due to infections, exacerbation of chronic lung disease, neurological impairment, trauma, or cardiac conditions. Without prompt ICU intervention, acute respiratory failure can rapidly become life-threatening.

Patients may present with severe shortness of breath, rapid or labored breathing, confusion, bluish discoloration of lips or fingers, and abnormal blood gas levels. Respiratory failure can be hypoxic, hypercapnic, or a combination of both, each requiring specialized ICU management.

Critical care treatment focuses on stabilizing breathing, correcting gas exchange abnormalities, and treating the underlying cause. Oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation, or mechanical ventilation may be required depending on severity. Continuous monitoring ensures early detection of deterioration.

Acute respiratory failure often coexists with other organ dysfunction, necessitating comprehensive ICU support. Early intervention, advanced respiratory care, and close monitoring are essential to improving outcomes and preventing long-term complications.